L2+Collins,Karen+Sue


 * UNIVERSITY OF MAINE AT FARMINGTON**
 * COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, HEALTH AND REHABILITATION**
 * LESSON PLAN FORMAT**


 * __Teacher’s Name __****: **Kay Sue Collins **__Date of Lesson__: **2 Interpret****
 * __Grade Level __****: **10 **__Topic__: **Structure and Function of DNA****
 * __Objectives __**


 * Student will understand that ** DNA controls the expression of traits in differentiating cells.
 * Student will know **how to demonstrate the stages of mitosis using a circle diagram.
 * Student will be able to **create their own model using an online molecule modeling program.

E4: Heredity and Reproduction Grade 9-Diploma - Genetics Students examine the role of DNA in transferring traits from generation to generation, in differentiating cells, and in evolving new species //**** Rationale: ** Students will understand the structure and function of DNA in differentiating cells.
 * __Maine Learning Results Alignment __**
 * //Maine Learning Results: Science, and Technology - E. The Living Environment


 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Assessment __**

Students will show what they know about DNA using a Graffiti Wall. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students will show development of mastery by looking at various stages of mitosis in the microscopes and drawing what they see and labeling the parts. Students will show development of mastery of the structure of DNA informally by creating models of DNA with paper or manipulative models, conversation, and peer interaction
 * Formative (Assessment for Learning) **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">

The students will show mastery of the concepts of mitosis by completing a mitosis circle chart which will be reviewed for misconceptions and graded on having all parts complete and correct. The students will show mastery of the structure of DNA through creating a model of DNA with Discovery Studio Visualizer
 * Summative (Assessment of Learning)**


 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Integration __**


 * Technology: **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> The students will show their understanding of the structure of DNA by creating a model in Discovery Studio Visualizer.


 * Other Content Areas:**
 * English:** Students will write on the graffiti wall what they know about DNA.
 * History:** Students will learn about the history of DNA research.
 * Math:** Students will use an understanding of patterns to learn about DNA.

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The students will work as a class to create the graffiti wall. They will work in pairs to put together the paper model of DNA.
 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Groupings __**


 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Differentiated Instruction __**

**<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Strategies: ** ** Linguistic: **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Students will use writing to describe what they know about DNA. **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Modifications/Accommodations ** <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I will review student’s IEP, 504 or ELLIDEP and make appropriate modifications and accommodations. If students are absent I will need them to check in with me so I can review the information for them and explain the instructions. Manipulative models will need to be used in the classroom but there are online visualization software programs that they can use to see what the molecule looks like. **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Extensions ** <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">GT students well be able to look more closely at the structure of the bases and sugars to see what kinds of bonds create the structure of the molecule, especially the helical shape. The students will be using Discovery Studio Visualizer to create a model of DNA.
 * Visual/Spatial:** The students will be able to draw what they know on the graffiti wall and will work with the 3 dimensional structure of DNA by building a model.
 * Logical/Mathmatical:** The students will use pattern concepts to understand the structure of DNA.
 * Interpersonal:** The students will interact and share ideas when doing the graffiti wall.
 * Naturalist:** The student will learn how DNA affects the natural world.
 * Kinesthetic:** Students will physically indicate understanding with Fist to five**,** and will manipulate models of DNA to understand it's structure.
 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Materials, Resources and Technology __**
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Paper for Graffiti wall
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Markers, crayons, and colored pencils.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Computer for each child
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Download of Discovery Studio Visualizer for each laptop.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Copy of the paper model of DNA
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Video projector/screen
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">White board markers and eraser
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">manipulative DNA models
 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Source for Lesson Plan and Research __**

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">World of molecules (shows molecule structure in 3D) <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[] <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">

Discovery Studio Visualizer <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[] <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">

The Secret of Life - The Discovery of DNA Structure <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[] <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">

DNA paper model lesson plan and templates by Karen Mayes <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[] <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">

DNA models <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[]


 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Maine Standards for Initial Teacher Certification and Rationale __**

//** Clipboard students **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> will have a checklist to assist them in assessing whether they have all of the requirements for the modeling activities. //** Microscope students **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> will be able to study the structure of DNA as deeply as they wish in order to understand how it all fits together. //** Puppy students **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> will be able to work in a safe environment where their ideas and thoughts are valued both in the large group activities like the graffiti wall and in the small group activities like the modeling practice. //
 * //<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Standard 3 - Demonstrates a knowledge of the diverse ways in which students learn and develop by providing learning opportunities that support their intellectual, physical, emotional, social, and cultural development. //**
 * //<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rationale: //**
 * Beachball students **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> will have an opportunity to have varied activities and their choice of ways to express themselves while doing the Graffiti wall. '

//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students will know the concepts and vocabulary surrounding DNA structure and meiosis. (see content notes) Students examine the role of DNA in transferring traits from generation to generation, in differentiating cells, and in evolving new species //** (MLR) **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> The structure of DNA is integral to this understanding. Students will be able to create a model of DNA in Discovery Studio Visualizer showing their understandin of DNA structure. They will also be able to complete a mitosis circle diagram showing their understanding of the process. //** (Interpret) **
 * //<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Standard 4 - Plans instruction based upon knowledge of subject matter, students, curriculum goals, and learning and development theory. //**
 * //<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rationale: //**

//** Visual/Spatial: **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> The students will be able to draw what they know on the graffiti wall and will work with the 3 dimensional structure of DNA by building a model. //** Logical/Mathmatical: **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> The students will use pattern concepts to understand the structure of DNA. //** Interpersonal: **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> The students will interact and share ideas when doing the graffiti wall. //** Naturalist: **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> The student will learn how DNA affects the natural world. //** Kinesthetic: **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Students will physically indicate understanding with Fist to five //**, **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> and will manipulate models of DNA to understand it's structure. // Students will show what they know about DNA using a Graffiti Wall. Students will show development of mastery by looking at various stages of mitosis in the microscopes and drawing what they see and labeling the parts. Students will show development of mastery of the structure of DNA informally by creating models of DNA with paper or manipulative models, conversation, and peer interaction. They will be able to refine their understanding of DNA structure by using a checklist to make sure they included everything.
 * //<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Standard 5 - Understands and uses a variety of instructional strategies and appropriate technology to meet students’ needs. //**
 * //<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rationale: //**
 * Linguistic: **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Students will use writing to describe what they know about DNA.
 * //<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Standard 8 - Understands and uses a variety of formal and informal assessment strategies to evaluate and support the development of the learner. //**
 * //<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rationale: //**
 * Formative (Assessment for Learning) **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">

//** Summative (Assessment of Learning) **//<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> The students will show mastery of the concepts of mitosis by completing a mitosis circle chart which will be reviewed for misconceptions and graded on having all parts complete and correct. The students will show mastery of the structure of DNA through creating a model of DNA with Discovery Studio Visualizer Students will self-assess as the do the graffiti wall to see how much they already know about DNA and mitosis. I will also gain preassessment insights into how much is already known. Students will show their understanding of mitosis by completing the circle diagram. //

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The goal of this lesson is to introduce students to the study of Genetics. They will understand that DNA controls the expression of traits in differentiating cells. They will also understand that mitosis is the process of a cell splitting in two which is how we grow and replace dead cells. Understanding of DNA structure and function is crucial to understanding the traits that you have and can pass on to your children. //**Students will examine the role of DNA in transferring traits from generation to generation, in differentiating cells, and in evolving new species.**// **Day 1** At the beginning of the class I will push the desks to the perimeter of the room, and leave the center of the room clear. In this clear space I will put a 4x12 foot piece of paper. There will be crayons, markers, colored pencils etc for students to use in buckets around the paper. Students will create a Graffiti Wall on the paper on which they write or draw everything they know about DNA, signing their name on the things they contribute. This will give them a chance to self-assess, as well as giving me an idea how much they already know so I know what to teach. This paper will be hung on the wall throughout the course of the unit.(15 minutes)
 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Teaching and Learning Sequence __****<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">: **
 * Where,** **Why,** **What, Hook, Evaluate, Tailor: Linguistic, Kinesthetic, Visual/Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist**

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">After finishing the graffiti wall, the students will bring all of the chairs back to the middle of the room. I will lecture about the history of DNA (see content notes) using fist to five to assess understanding. (15 minutes). The students will watch //The Secret of Life - The Discovery of DNA Structure//, a <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">[|video] <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">10 min and have a 3 minute review about the history and structure of DNA (15 minutes). I will lecture about the structure of DNA using the whiteboard and showing slides of images that illustrate the concepts being taught (see content notes) (20 minutes) **(Equip)** They will then be split up into groups of two and put together the paper model of DNA They will then use the checklist to self assess and check their work. They will be given the homework sheet and allowed to complete as much as they can before the end of the period (15 minutes). **Day 2:** We will review the homework sheet and talk about the concepts. (10 minutes)
 * Equip**, **Explore, Revise, Refine, Tailor: Linguistic, Visual/Spatial, Logical, Kinesthetic, Naturalist, Interpersonal**

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The students will explore the //World of Molecules// web site which has an interactive model of DNA that the student can manipulate to see all sides of the molecule **(10 minutes)** I will then lecture on the process of mitosis and the cell cycle using the white board and images projected onto the board that illustrate the concepts being taught using fist to five to check for understanding**. (30 minutes)** The students will work in pairs looking at slides in the microscopes of various stages of mitosis, and draw them. They will work on creating a circle diagram of mitosis **(30 minutes)** I will be circling the room looking for misconceptions and giving feedback. **Day 3**. We will review the mitosis circle diagrams. The students will correct things they got wrong**. (10 minutes)** We will also review the paper model of DNA and the questions. **(10 minutes) **Students will be able to**** create a digital model of DNA with all of the relevant parts in the proper place, and correctly labeled. The students will be introduced to //Discovery Studio Visualizer//. They will download it onto their laptops and I will explain how the program works and assist them in getting started. The students will then create their own model of DNA. I will go around the room assisting the students in how to use the program and assessing understanding. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students will have a chance to determine what they know about DNA using the graffiti wall. They will use a Three minute review to fill in gaps in their understanding. Students will have a checklist of things to remember when making their model and they will use a circle diagram to show their understanding of the process of mitosis **(5 points).** They will also use Fist to Five during lectures to let me know how well they understand the information, allowing me to review things they don't understand completely. I will use a lot of observation during activities to give timely feedback. Also, the review at the beginning of day 2 and 3 will fill in any gaps or misconceptions. During the final project the students will be demonstrating their understanding of the structure of DNA by creating a digital model. They will have a checklist for the information they need to include in the model **(20 points)**
 * Experience, Rethink, Revise, Refine, Tailor: Logical, Visual, Intrapersonal**
 * Evaluate, Tailor: Linguistic, Visual, Logical**, **Interpersonal,**


 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Content Notes __**

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Students need to know that DNA is the blueprint for our bodies. In order to understand how this works they need to know the structure of DNA and how it replicates to produce more cells. (mitosis) History Details: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Structure Details: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mitosis Details:
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aristotle was one of the first to wonder how traits were passed from parents to children. His theory had many misconceptions but it was surprisingly insightful
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Gregor Mendel, an Austrian Augustinian monk, developed a model of inheritance that used mathematical techniques and attention to detail to predict the passing of traits from one generation to the next and the ratios of the occurrence of each trait.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">James Watson and Francis Crick worked together to develop a theoretical model for the shape of DNA.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that has the shape of a double helix, which is like a ladder that is twisted.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The two backbones of the molecules are made up of alternating sugars (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups,
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The rungs of the ladder are made up of a pair of bases held together with hydrogen bonds.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">There are four different bases: Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">These bases have two categories: Adenine and Guanine are purines which are larger and have a double ring shape. Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidines which are smaller and have a single ring shape.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Guanine only bonds with Cytosine, and Adenine only bonds with Thymine.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The smallest unit of a nucleic acid is called a nucleotide, and is made up of a sugar a phosphate group and a base.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nucleotides can be used by the body to carry energy throughout the cell by adding and then removing phosphate groups. They can hold up to three phosphates. When in this form Adenine is called ATP or Adenine triphosphate. All the others use the same notation.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">DNA generally comes in long strands of poynucleotides called chromosomes.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">These strands are coiled and organized by proteins into X shaped chromosomes. The proteins that wind up the DNA are called histones. They keep the DNA organized and reduce mutations caused by breakage. All living things have DNA but prokaryotes have their DNA in a ring, and Eukaryotes have theirs in the chromosome form. Generally the more complex an organism, the more chromosomes they have.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">A small segment of nucleotides that code for a single protein is called a gene.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The center of the x in a chromosome is called the centromere and is made up of proteins that hold the chromosome together and attach to microtubules during cell division.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">If you stretch out all the DNA in a single cell it reaches 2 meters in length.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The process of cell division in somatic (regular) cells is called mitosis.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">When a cell needs to divide, a protein is produced that unzips the DNA a little at a time and new nucleotides drift in and are attached to each strand. The proteins move along each chromosome until the entire strand is duplicated but still attached at the centriole, causing it to have that distinctive X shape,
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">There are several stages of mitosis also called the cell cycle. These are interphase, prophase, metaphase,anaphase, telophase.and cytokinesis.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In interphase the cell is basically doing what it does for a job. This is also the time that the DNA replicates itself. The strands are all unwound at this time and cannot be seen with a regular microscope.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">During prophase, the chromosome pairs are coiled up on the histones so the untangle from each other and the nuclear envelope disappears.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">During Metaphase, a pair of structures called centrosomes, or mitotic spindles on opposite sides of the cell begin building microtubules to attach to the centromere of a pair of chromosomes. When there is a microtubule attached to both sides of the chromosome pair they are drawn to the center of the cell where they line up.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">During Anaphase the centromeres separate and the choromosomes separate into what are called sister chromatids. Each of these are still attached to a microtubule from opposite sides of the cell and they begin to be drawn away from each other toward the mitotic spindles.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">During Telophase the daughter chromatids arrive at the opposite poles of the cell. A nuclear envelope develops around each, and the strands relax again. The cell begins to pinch together at the center, stretching out between the two nuclei.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">During the final phase called cytokinesis the cell splits in two with a nucleus in each.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The daughter cells then enter interphase and they do it all again.


 * __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Handouts __**


 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mitosis circle diagram
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">paper DNA model
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">DNA model checklist
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">DNA structure worksheet (homework)
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mitosis self-assessment checklist